Recognising signs that a child may be at risk of engaging with gangs in the UK or Northern Ireland requires a combination of vigilance, observation, and communication. Gang involvement can pose serious risks to a child's well-being, so it's crucial to be aware of potential indicators. Here are some signs to watch for:

1. Change in Behaviour:

• Sudden and significant changes in behaviour, such as becoming more secretive, aggressive, or withdrawn.

2. Change in Friendships:

• Associating with a new group of friends who may have a negative influence. This can involve sudden shifts in peer groups.

3. Drop in Academic Performance:

• A noticeable decline in school performance, attendance, or interest in education.

4. Unexplained Wealth:

• Possessing money, clothing, or possessions that cannot be accounted for based on their family's financial situation.

5. Display of Gang Symbols or Colours:

• Wearing clothing or displaying symbols associated with local gangs.

6. Increased Isolation:

• Becoming more isolated from family and positive social activities, preferring the company of peers involved in risky behaviours.

7. Frequent Absence from School:

• Regularly skipping school or classes without a legitimate reason.

8. Involvement in Risky Behaviours:

• Engaging in risky behaviours, such as substance abuse, carrying weapons, or involvement in criminal activities.

9. Change in Language or Demeanour:

• Adopting a new language or mannerisms associated with gang culture.

10. Tattoos or Markings:

• Acquiring tattoos or markings that may be associated with gang membership.

11. Graffiti or Tagging:

• Involvement in graffiti or tagging that may be linked to gang activity.

12. Intimidation or Bullying:

• Engaging in intimidating or bullying behaviour, both within and outside the school setting.

13. Unexplained Absences:

• Frequently being absent from home without a clear explanation.

14. Family Issues:

• Experiencing difficulties or conflicts at home that may contribute to vulnerability.

15. Resistance to Authority:

• Displaying a strong resistance to authority figures, including teachers, parents, or other caregivers.

16. Presence of Older Siblings or Relatives in Gangs:

• Having older siblings or relatives who are involved in gang activities, which may increase the likelihood of association.

17. Interest in Gang-Related Media:

• Showing a disproportionate interest in media or music associated with gang culture.

18. Fear of Retribution:

• Expressing fear of retribution or harm if they disengage from a particular group.

These signs don’t necessarily mean your child is involved in gang/criminal activity. However, If you observe several of these signs, it's essential to approach the situation with sensitivity and take proactive steps to address the concerns:

1. Open Communication:

• Establish open communication with the child. Create a safe space for them to share their feelings and experiences without fear of judgment.

2. Involve Trusted Adults:

• Involve trusted adults, such as teachers, counsellors, or community leaders, who can provide additional support and guidance.

3. Seek Professional Help:

• If necessary, seek assistance from social services, mental health professionals, or organisations specialising in gang prevention and intervention.

4. Community Engagement:

• Engage with community resources and programs that work towards preventing gang involvement and supporting at-risk youth.

5. Educate about Consequences:

• Educate the child about the potential consequences of gang involvement, including legal ramifications and risks to personal safety.

6. Provide Positive Alternatives:

• Encourage involvement in positive activities, such as sports, arts, or community service, to offer alternatives to negative influences.

7. Parental Involvement:

• Involve parents or caregivers in the process, fostering a collaborative approach to addressing the concerns.

It's important to approach these situations with care, recognising that each child's circumstances are unique. Early intervention and a supportive, non-judgmental approach are critical to redirecting a child away from potential gang involvement.

Further sources for reference: 

https://www.itv.com/news/2016-09-29/could-your-child-be-involved-in-a-gang-signs-and-behaviours-to-look-out-for

https://www.bhscp.org.uk/preventing-abuse-and-neglect/spotting-the-signs/signs-of-child-criminal-exploitation-cce/

https://www.safeguardingni.org/sites/default/files/2021-01/Briefing%20paper%20No.2.pdf